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Chavalit Yongchaiyudh ((タイ語:ชวลิต ยงใจยุทธ), , (:ʨʰáʔwáʔlít joŋʨajjút), born May 15, 1932), also known as "Big Jiew" (), is a Thai politician and retired army officer. From 1986 to 1990 he was the Commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Army (RTA), and Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces from 1987 to 1990. In 1990 he founded the New Aspiration Party which he led until 2002. He was Thailand's 22nd Prime Minister from 1996 to 1997. At various times he has held the positions of Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Defence, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Labour and Leader of the Opposition. == Education and military career == Chavalit is of Sino-Thai, Lao and Persian descent. His father was an infantry captain. Chavalit attended Triam Udom Suksa School and graduated from Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, being appointed second lieutenant in 1953. He served in the RTA Signal Corps and completed advanced training courses at the RTA Signal Corps School, as well as at Fort Monmouth, a US Army Signal Corps School, and with the US IX Corps in Okinawa. In 1963 he graduated from the RTA Command and General Staff College, and one year later from the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth. During the 1960s and 70s, Chavalit served in the Communist insurgency suppression campaign in the jungles of Thailand, and prepared Thai soldiers for their operations in the Vietnam War. During the period after the October 1973 popular uprising, he was considered close to the ''Thahan Prachathippatai'' ("Democratic Soldiers") group, even though he did not openly identify as a member of the group. In 1979, Chavalit was promoted to Major-General and Director of Army Operations. Intending to outwit Communist Party of Thailand (CPT) guerillas, he created the pro-government ''Thahan Phran'' ("Hunter Soldiers"), paramilitary units who would use guerilla tactics against the CPT. They took over a significant share of the army's counterinsurgency missions by 1982. However, Chavalit believed that the communists could not be defeated by purely military means, but that combating the political, economic and social causes of the insurgency was also necessary to destroy their popular support. He helped to author cabinet orders 66/2523 (1980) and 65/2525 (1982) of Prem Tinsulanonda's government, which offered amnesty and a return to civil life to surrendering communist fighters. The orders contributed significantly to the demise of the CPT and the end of the insurgency. In 1982, Chavalit was promoted to Lieutenant-General and assistant chief-of-staff, and one year later deputy chief-of-staff of the army.〔 Chavalit's rise to the army's top posts was unusual for a signal officer, as its leading positions were traditionally reserved for infantrymen, artillerists and "cavalrymen" (i.e. tankers). He owed his exceptional career partly to his close relationship to Prime Minister Prem, being one of his core supporters in the army, but also to his military, strategic, and political acumen. In 1986 he was appointed Commander-in-chief of the RTA, and one year later the Supreme Commander of the armed forces. Under his leadership, the army began projects for rural development. These included the ''Isan Khiao'' ("Green Isan") programme in the underdeveloped North Eastern region, and the ''Khwam Wang Mai'' ("New Hope") programme in the conflict-ridden Southern provinces. These projects were based on the ideas of the former "Democratic Soldiers" and cabinet order no. 66/2523: that economic development and relief of regional disparities were part of national security, and therefore tasks for the army.〔 Also printed in 〕 For these projects Chavalit provided large corporations with lucrative contracts, including the leading Thai agrobusiness corporation Charoen Pokphand. Chavalit retired from military service in 1990, at the age of 58. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chavalit Yongchaiyudh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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